The Invasion of Grenada

Showcasing American Power after Vietnam Operation Urgent Fury kicked off on October 25, 1983. Despite no actual threat to national security posed by the small island nation, the Regan administration cited far-fetched dangers as reasons for the invasion. Protecting American citizens by quelling unrest and preventing outside influence in the Western Hemisphere allowed President Ronald Reagan and…

Twin Theories of Sea Power

The two most influential sea power theorists on twentieth-century naval warfare are Alfred Thayer Mahan and Julian S. Corbett. One American, and one British, each heavily influenced the nature of their country’s naval forces in the two world wars. Mahan’s ideas preceded Corbett by two decades. Each, however, argued for the need to control sea…

Tammam Azzam

Syrian Idealist While nothing changes history more than warfare, it is ultimately the most destructive action humans can bring upon each other. Responding to the war-torn homeland he was born in, Syrian artist Tammam Azzam created his Storeys series in the mid-2010s. Azzam is a product of the violence that wrecked his homeland and therefore, through his art,…

The Surrender of Pactyes

Tough Decisions in the face of Cyrus the Great Pactyes was a Lydian in charge of the civil administration of government in Sardis, present-day Turkey. How much can we trust Herodotus to tell the whole story? Nevertheless, this is one of the difficult decisions made in the face of overwhelming power. Pactyes journeyed throughout ancient…

The Porfirato: Nationalist Reactions to Neocolonialism in Mexico

Despite securing hard-fought independence from Spain in the early 19th century, Latin America experienced a neocolonial resurgence that renewed feelings of oppression throughout the region. Neocolonialism was generally reinforced by strong-man, caudillo-type leaders. These people usually came to power by leveraging a supposed link with the commoner, only to bend to outside influence under the…

Marxist Guerrilla Successes in Cuba and Nicaragua

A quick look at two successful Marxist revolutions during the Cold War American imperial investment in Latin America created a predictable response of violent Marxist communist revolution. Marxism was the natural reaction to centuries of colonial, neocolonial, and imperial exploitation, and suppression of the Latin American economy. After the United States overthrew a democratically elected…